Elton J. Cairns - Publications

235.     Kentaro Nakahara, Shigeyuki Iwasa, Jiro Iriyama, Yukiko Morioka, Masahiro Suguro, Masaharu Satoh, and Elton J. Cairns,  “Electrochemical and spectroscopic measurements for stable nitroxyl radicals”, Electrochimica Acta 52, 921–927 (2006)

234.     Kentaro Nakahara, Jiro Iriyama, Shigeyuki Iwasa, Masahiro Suguro, Masaharu Satoh, Elton J. Cairns, Al-laminated film packaged organic radical battery for high-power applications, Journal of Power Sources 163, 1110–1113 (2007)

233.     Aniruddha Deb and Elton J. Cairns, "In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy—A probe of cathode materials for Li-ion cells" Fluid Phase Equilibria 241, 4–19 (2006)

232.     Kenneth W. Lux and Elton J. Cairns, "Lanthanide-Platinum Intermetallic Compounds as Anode Electrocatalysts for Direct Ethanol PEM Fuel Cells II. Performance of LnPt2 (Ln = Ce, Pr) Nanopowders in an Operating PEM Fuel Cell", Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 153, 6, A1139-A1147  (2006)

231.     Kenneth W. Lux and Elton J. Cairns, "Lanthanide-Platinum Intermetallic Compounds as Anode Electrocatalysts for Direct Ethanol PEM Fuel Cells I. Synthesis and Characterization of LnPt2 (Ln = Ce, Pr) Nanopowders", Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 153, 6, A1132-A1138  (2006)

230.     Aniruddha Deb, Uwe Bergmann, James M. Ralph, and Elton J. Cairns, "Combined temperature-dependent XANES and EXAFS studies of La0.8Sr0.2FeO3 and La0.7Sr0.2FeO3-d " Physical Review B 73 115114 (2006)

229.     Aniruddha Deb. Uwe Bergmann, Stephen P. Cramer, and Elton J. Cairns, "Local structure of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathode material probed by in-situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy" J. Appl Phys, 99, 063701 (2006)

228.     J.T. Son and E.J. Cairns "Preparation and Characterization of Li1.05Ni0.35Co0.25Mn0.4O2 As a New Cathode Material for Lithium Cells" Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 9, 1, A27-A30  (2006).

227.     Sam L. Wilcke, Elton J. Cairns, Jeffrey A. Reimer "An effective stochastic excitation strategy for finding elusive NMR signals from solids" Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 29, 199–203  (2006)

226      Marie Kerlau, Jeffrey A. Reimer, and Elton J. Cairns, "Investigation of Particle Isolation in Li-ion Battery Electrodes by using  7Li NMR Spectroscopy" Electrochemistry Communications 7, 1249–1251 (2005)

225.     Aniruddha Deb, Uwe Bergmann, S. P. Cramer, Elton J. Cairns "Structural Investigations of LiFePO4 electrodes and in-situ Studies by Fe X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy", Electrochimica Acta 50, 5200–5207 (2005)

224.     Marie Kerlau, Jeffrey A. Reimer, and Elton J. Cairns, "Layered Nickel Oxide-Based Cathodes for Lithium Cells: Analysis of Performance Loss Mechanisms" JECS, 152, A1629 (2005)

223.     Aniruddha Deb, Uwe Bergmann, Stephen P. Cramer, and Elton J. Cairns  "In situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Study of the Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 Cathode Material", J. Appl. Phys., 97, 113523 (2005)

222.     H. S. Ryu, H. J. Ahn, K.W. Kim, J. H. Ahn, J.Y. Lee, E.J. Cairns, "The self-discharge of lithium/sulfur cells using stainless steel current collectors", Journal of Power Sources 140, 365–369  (2005)

221.     O. Haas1, A. Deb2, E.J. Cairns2,  A. Wokaun1, "Synchrotron X-ray Absorption Study of LiFePO4 Electrodes", J. Electrochem Soc. 152, A191 (2005)

220.     Committee on Soldier Power/Energy Sources (E.J. Cairns, co-author) “Meeting the Energy Needs of Future Warriors. Board on Army Science and Technology”, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, 136 pp.  National Academies Press, Wash. DC, 2004. ISBN 0-309-092620

219.     Aniruddha Deb, Uwe Bergmann, Elton J. Cairns and S. P. Cramer, "X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the LixFePO4 cathode during cycling using a novel electrochemical in-situ reaction cell", J. Synch. Rad., 11, 1-8 (2004)

218.     Aniruddha Deb, Uwe Bergmann, Marca M. Doeff, Elton J. Cairns, and Stephen P. Cramer “Structural Investigations of LiFePO4 Electrodes by Fe X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy”, J. Phys Chem B, 108(22); 7046-7051. (2004).

217.     Seung-Wan Song, Ronald P. Reade, Elton J. Cairns, Jack T. Vaughey, Michael M. Thackeray and Kathryn A. Striebel “Cu2Sb Thin Film Electrodes Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition” J. Electrochem. Soc., 151, A1012-A1019 (2004)

216.     K. A. Striebel, J. Shim, E. J. Cairns, R. Kostecki, Y.-J. Lee, J. Reimer, T. J. Richardson, P. N. Ross, X. Song, and G. V. Zhuang, "Diagnostic Analysis of Electrodes from High-Power Lithium-Ion Cells Cycled under Different Conditions", J. Electrochem. Soc. 151, A857 (2004)

215.     Elton J. Cairns, “Batteries Overview” in Encyclopedia of Energy, Cutler J. Cleveland, ed., Elsevier, Oxford, 2004.

214.     G.A. Roberts, E.J. Cairns, J.A. Reimer, and K.J. Gross, “ The Mechanism of Lithium Insertion into Magnesium Silicide”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 151, A493 (2004)

213.     Tom A. Eriksson, Young Joo Lee, Joel Hollingsworth, Jeffrey A. Reimer, Elton J. Cairns, Xiao-feng Zhang, and Marca M. Doeff, ”Influence of Substitution on the Structure and Electrochemistry of Layered Manganese Oxides”, Chem. Mat., 15 (23); 4456-4463 (2003)

212.     Marca M. Doeff, Joel Hollingsworth, Joongpyo Shim, Young Joo Lee, Kathryn Striebel, Jeffrey A. Reimer, and Elton J. Cairns, “Sulfur-Doped Aluminum-Substituted Manganese Oxide Spinels for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications” J Electrochem. Soc., 150, A1060 (2003).

211.     Gerd Sandstede, Elton J. Cairns, Vladimir S. Bagotsky and Klaus Wiesener, “General scientific background before and during the beginning of fuel cell research” in Handbook of Fuel Cells – Fundamentals, Technology and Applications Volume 1, Part 4, pp 143-219, Edited by Wolf Vielstich Arnold Lamm and Hubert A. Gasteiger, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, 2003

210.     Seung-Wan Song, Kathryn A. Striebel, Xiangyun Song and Elton J. Cairns “Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Mg2Si Thin Film Electrodes”, J. Power Sources (IMLB-11) 119-121, 110 (2003)

209.     G. A. Roberts, E. J. Cairns, and J. A. Reimer “An Electrochemical and XRD Study of Lithium Insertion into Mechanically Alloyed Magnesium Stannide” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 150, A912 (2003)

208.     A. Braun, S. Shrout, A. C. Fowlks, B. A. Osaisai, S. Seifert, E. Granlund and E. J. Cairns, “Electrochemical in-situ reaction cell for X-ray scattering, diffraction and spectroscopy”. J. Synchrotron Rad. 10, 320-325, (2003).

207.     E. J. Cairns “Aqueous carbonate electrolyte fuel cells” in Handbook of Fuel Cells – Fundamentals, Technology and Applications Volume 1, Part 4, pp 301–304, Edited by Wolf Vielstich Arnold Lamm and Hubert A. Gasteiger, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, 2003

206.     Seung-Wan Song, Kathryn A. Striebel, Ronald P. Reade, Gregory A. Roberts, and Elton J. Cairns, “Electrochemical Studies of Nanocrystalline Mg2Si Thin Film Electrodes Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 150, A121 (2003)

198.    M. C. Tucker, J. A. Reimer, E. J. Cairns, “A 7Li NMR Study of Capacity Fade in Metal-Substituted Lithium Manganese Oxide Spinels”, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 149,A574 (2002).

205.     A. Braun, U. Bergmann, Wang, Gu, S.P. Cramer, M.C. Tucker, and E.J. Cairns, “Origin of chemical shift of manganese in lithium battery electrode materials - A comparison of hard and soft - x-ray techniques” Journal of Power Sources 112, 231-235 (2003)

204.    Kyoo-Seung Han, Seung-Wan Song, Hirofumi Fujita, and Masahiro Yoshimura, Elton J. Cairns, and Soon-Ho Chang, “Direct Electroplating of Lithium Cobalt Oxide Film on Platinum Substrate in 100°–200°C Aqueous Solution” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 85 [10] 2444–48 (2002).

203.    M.C. Tucker, L. Kroeck, J.A. Reimer, and E.J. Cairns, “The Influence of Covalence on Capacity Retention in Metal-Substituted Spinels: 7Li NMR, SQUID, and Electrochemical Studies”, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 149, A1409 (2002)

202.    G. A. Roberts, E. J. Cairns, and J. A. Reimer, “Magnesium Silicide as a negative Electrode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries”, J Power Sources, 110, (2), 424-429, (2002).

201.    Joongpyo Shim, Kathryn A. Striebel, and Elton J. Cairns, “The Lithium/Sulfur Rechargeable Cell: Effects of Electrode Composition and Solvent on Cell Performance”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 149, A1321 (2002)

200.    Michael C. Tucker, Jeffrey A. Reimer, Elton J. Cairns, S. Choi and A. Manthiram, “7Li NMR Studies of Chemically-Delithiated Li1-xCoO2”, J. Phys Chem. B, 106, 3842 (2002)

199.    M. C. Tucker, M. M. Doeff, T. J. Richardson, R. Fiñones, E. J. Cairns, and J. A. Reimer, “Hyperfine Fields at the Li Site in LiFePO4-Type Olivine Materials for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries: A 7Li MAS NMR and SQUID Study” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 124, 3832 (2002).

197.    Michael C. Tucker, Marca M. Doeff, Thomas J. Richardson, Rita Fiñones, Jeffrey A. Reimer, and Elton J. Cairns, “7Li and 31P MAS NMR of LiFePO4-Type Materials”, Electrochem. Soc. Letters, 5, A95 (2002)

196.    K.A. Striebel, E. Sakai, and E.J. Cairns, “Impedance Studies of the Thin Film LiMn2O4 / Electrolyte Interface”, J. Electrochem Soc., 149, A61 (2002)

195.    Joongpyo Shim, Chang-Rae Lee, Hong-Ki Lee, Ju-Seong Lee and Elton J. Cairns “Electrochemical characteristics of Pt-WO3/C and Pt-TiO2/C electrocatalysis in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell”, J. Power Sources, 102, 172 (2001)

194.    Michael C. Tucker, Jeffrey A. Reimer, and Elton J. Cairns, “A 7Li NMR Study of Metal-Substituted Lithium Manganese Oxide Spinels”, J. Electrochem Soc., 148, A951 (2001)

193.    X. Zhang, P. N. Ross, Jr., R. Kostecki, F. Kong, S. Sloop, J. B. Kerr, K. Striebel, E. Cairns, F. McLarnon, “Diagnostic Characterization of High-Power Lithium-Ion Batteries for Use in Hybrid Electric Vehicles”, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 148, A463 (2001)

192     A. Braun, S. Seifert, P. Thiyagarajan, S.P. Cramer, E.J. Cairns, "In-situ anomalous small angle X-ray scattering and absorption on an operating rechargeable lithium ion battery" Electrochemistry Communications, 3, 136 (2001)

191.    Benjamin M. Rush, Jeffrey A. Reimer, and Elton J. Cairns, “Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Voltammetry Studies of Carbon Monoxide Adsorption and Oxidation on a Carbon-Supported Platinum Fuel Cell Electrocatalyst”, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 148, A137 (2001)

190.    Craig R. Horne, Uwe Bergmann, Melissa M. Grush, Rupert C. C. Perera, David L. Ederer, Thomas A. Calcott, Elton J. Cairns, and Stephen P. Cramer, “Electronic Structure of Chemically-Prepared LixMn2O4 Determined by Mn X-ray Absorption and Emission Spectroscopies”, J. Phys Chem B., 104, 9587-9596 (2000).

189.    Michael C. Tucker, Jeffrey A. Reimer, and Elton J. Cairns, “A 7Li NMR Study of Lithium Insertion into Lithium Manganese Oxide Spinel”, Electrochemical and Solid State Letters, 3, (10) 463-466, 2000.

188.    D. Marmorstein, T.H. Yu, K.A. Striebel, F.R. McLarnon, J. Hou, and E. J. Cairns, “Electrochemical Performance of Lithium/Sulfur Cells with Three Different Polymer Electrolytes”, J. Power Sources, 89, 219 (2000).

187.    M. M. Grush, C.R. Horne, R.C.C. Perera, D. L. Ederer, S.P. Cramer, E. J. Cairns, and T.A. Talcott, “Correlating Electronic Structure with Cycling Performance of Substituted LiMn2O4 Electrode Materials – A Study Using the Techniques of Soft X-ray Absorption and Emission, Chem. Mat., 12, 659 (2000).

186      Ederio D. Bidoia, Frank R. McLarnon, and Elton J. Cairns, “Investigation of Anion Adsorption on Platinum Electrodes in Aqueous Media by Probe Beam Deflection”, J. Electroanal. Chem., 482, 75 (2000)

185      C.R. Horne, U. Bergmann, J. Kim, K.A. Striebel, A. Manthiram, S.P. Cramer, and E.J. Cairns, “Structural Investigations of Li1.5+xNa0.5MnO2.85I0.12 Electrodes by Mn X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy”, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 147(2000) 395-398, LBNL-42811

184.     K. A. Striebel, A. Rougier, C. R. Horne, R. P. Reade, and E. J. Cairns, “Electrochemical Studies of Substituted Spinel Thin Films”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 146, 4339 (1999).

183      Otto Haas and Elton J. Cairns, “Electrochemical Energy Storage”, Annual Reports C , Roy. Soc. of Chem., 95, 163 (1999).

182      Becky Gee, Craig R. Horne, Elton J. Cairns, and Jeffrey A Reimer, “Supertransferred Hyperfine Fields at 7Li: Variable Temperature 7Li NMR Studies of LiMn2O4-Based Spinels”, J. Phys. Chem. B, 102, 10142 (1998).

181      T. C. Adler, F. R. McLarnon, and E. J. Cairns, “Investigations of a New Family of Alkaline-Fluoride-Carbonate Electrolytes for Zinc/Nickel Oxide Cells”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 37, 3237-3241 (1998).

180      A. Rougier, K.A. Striebel, S.J. Wen, T.J. Richardson, R.P. Reade, and E.J. Cairns, “Characterization of Pulsed Laser Deposited LiMn2O4 Thin Films for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries”, Applied Surface Science, 134, 107-115 (1998).

179      A. Rougier, K.A. Striebel, S.J. Wen, and E.J. Cairns, “Cyclic Voltammetry of Pulsed Laser Deposited LixMn2O4 Thin Films”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 145, 2975  (1998).

178      C-K Lee, K. Striebel, F. McLarnon, and E. J. Cairns, “Thermal Treatment of La0.6Ca0.4CoO3 Perovskite Oxides for Bifunctional Air Electrodes”, J. Electrochem. Soc, 144, 3801, (1997).

177      M. L. Perry, J. Newman, and E. J. Cairns, “Mass Transport in Gas-Diffusion Electrodes: A Diagnostic Tool for Fuel-Cell Cathodes” J. Electrochem. Soc.,145,5 (1998).

176      E.J Cairns, C. R. Horne, B. J. R. Weiss, M. M. Grush, and S. P. Cramer, “X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopic Investigations of LixMn2O4”, Proc. 2nd Internat. Symp. on New Mat’ls for Fuel Cells and Modern Battery Systems, 1997.

175      K. A. Striebel, S. J. Wen, D. I. Ghantous, and E. J. Cairns, “Novel Nanodisperse Composite Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium/Polymer Batteries”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 144, 1680 (1997).

174      E. J. Cairns, “Overview of the Current Status and Problems for Rechargeable Batteries”, Progress in Batteries & Battery Materials, 16, 237, (1997).

173      T. J. Richardson, S. J. Wen, K. A. Striebel, P. N. Ross, Jr., and E. J. Cairns “FTIR Spectroscopy of Metal Oxide Insertion Materials: Analysis of LixMn2O4 Spinel Electrodes”,Materials Research Bulletin, 32, 609 (1997).

172     M.S. Yahnke, B.M. Rush, J.A. Reimer, and E.J. Cairns, "Quantitative Solid-State NMR Spectra of CO Adsorbed from Aqueous Solution onto Commercial Electrode Materials" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 12250 (1996).

171     S.J. Wen, T.J. Richardson, D.J. Ghantous, K.A. Striebel, P.N. Ross and E.J. Cairns, "FTIR Characterization of PEO/LiN(CF3SO2)2 Electrolytes", J. Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Phenomena  408, 113-118 (1996).

170.      K.A. Striebel, C.Z. Deng, S.J. Wen and E.J. Cairns, "Oxygen Reduction and Evolution on Perovskite Thin Films Made with Pulsed Laser Deposition", proceedings of the Symposium on Oxygen Electrochemistry, Electrochemical Society Meeting, Vol. 95-26, p. 112, (1995).

169.      K.A. Striebel, C.Z. Deng, S.J. Wen and E.J. Cairns, "Electrochemical Behavior of LiMn2O4 and LiCoO2 Thin Films Produced with Pulsed Laser Deposition", J. Electrochem. Soc. 143, No. 6, pp. 1821-1827, (1996).

168.      S.J. Wen, T.J Richardson, L. Ma, K.A. Striebel, P.N. Ross, E.J. Cairns, "FTIR Spectroscopy of Metal Oxide Insertion Electrodes: Capacity Fading in Secondary Li/LiMn2O4 Cells", J. Electrochem. Soc., 143, No. 5, pp. L136-L138, (1996).

167.    Z. Deng, J.D. Spear, J.D. Rudnicki, F.R. McLarnon, E.J. Cairns "Infrared Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy: A New Probe for the Investigation of Electrochemical Interfaces", J. Electrochem. Soc.,  143, No. 5, pp. 1514-1521, (1996).

166.    W. Taucher, T.C. Adler, F.R. McLarnon, E.J. Cairns, "Development of Lightweight Nickel Electrodes for Zinc/Nickel Oxide Cells", Journal of Power Sources, 58, 93-97, (1996).

165.    P.L. Ridgway, F.R. McLarnon, E.J. Cairns, "Sodium/Phosphorus-Sulfur Cells  II. Phase Equilibria", J. Electrochem. Soc., 143, 412-417, (1996).

164.    P.L. Ridgway, F.R. McLarnon, E.J. Cairns, "Sodium/Phosphorus-Sulfur Cells  I. Cell Performance", J. Electrochem. Soc., 143, 406-412, (1996).

163.    K.A. Striebel, F.R. McLarnon, E.J. Cairns, "Steady-State Model for an Oxygen Fuel Cell Electrode with an Aqueous Carbonate Electrolyte", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 34(10), 3632-9, (1995).

162.    G.M. Brisard, J.D. Rudnicki, F.R. McLarnon, E.J. Cairns,  "Application of Probe Beam Deflection to Study the Electrooxidation of Copper in Alkaline Media", Electrochimica Acta, 40, No. 7,  859-865, (1995)

161.    T.C. Adler, R.F. Plivelich, F.R. McLarnon, E.J. Cairns, "Zinc Electrodes", Proceedings of the Symposium on  The Science of Advanced Batteries, The Electrochem. Soc., D.A. Scherson, ed., 100-106, (1995).

160.     B.R. Rauhe, jr., F.R. McLarnon, E.J. Cairns, "Direct Anodic Oxidation of Methanol on Supported Platinum/Ruthenium Catalyst in Aqueous Cesium Carbonate", J. Electrochem. Soc., 142, No. 4, pp. 1073-1084, April 1995.

159.     J. Jorné, T.C. Adler, E.J. Cairns, "Visual Observations of Early Shape Changes in a Zinc/Nickel Oxide Cell", J. Electrochem. Soc., 142, No. 3, 771-774, March 1995.

158.     R.F. Plivelich, F.R. McLarnon, E.J. Cairns, "Degradation Mechanisms of Nickel Oxide Electrodes in Zinc/Nickel Oxide Cells with Low-Zinc-Solubility Electrolytes", J. Applied Electrochemistry. 25. 433-440 (1994).

157.     H.A. Gasteiger, N. Markovic, P.N. Ross, Jr., E.J. Cairns, "Electro-Oxidation of Small Organic Molecules on Well-Characterized Pt-Ru Alloys", Electrochimica Acta, Special Issue, 39, No. 11/12, pp. 1825-1832, (1994).

156.     H.A. Gasteiger, N. Markovic, P.N. Ross, Jr., E.J. Cairns, "Temperature-Dependent Methanol Electro-Oxidation on Well-Characterized Pt-Ru Alloys", J. Electrochem. Soc., 141, No. 7, 1795-1803,  (1994).

155.     K. Kinoshita, E.J. Cairns, "Fuel Cells", Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 11, 1098-1121, June 1994.

154.     J.D. Rudnicki, G.M. Brisard, H.A. Gasteiger, R.E. Russo, F.R. McLarnon, E.J. Cairns, "Effect of the Supporting Electrolyte and Beam Diameter on Probe Beam Deflection Experiments", J. Electroanalytical Chemistry, 362, 55-69, (1993).

153.     K.A. Striebel, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns, "Laboratory-Scale Evaluation of Secondary Alkaline Zinc Batteries for Electric Vehicles", J. Power Sources, 47, 1-11, 1994.

152.     A.A. Dorda, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns, "The Effect of Zinc Ions on the Platinum Electrode in Alkaline Solutions", J. Electroanalytical Chemistry, 364, 71-77, (1994).

151      H.A. Gasteiger, N. Markovic, P.N. Ross, Jr., and E.J. Cairns, "CO Electrooxidation on Well-Characterized Pt-Ru Alloys" J. Physical Chemistry, 98, No.2, pp 617-625, 1994.

150.     H.A. Gasteiger, N. Markovic, P.N. Ross, Jr., and E.J. Cairns, "Methanol Electrooxidation on Well-Characterized Pt-Ru Alloys" J. Physical Chemistry, 97, 12020, 1993.

149.     H.A. Gasteiger, P.N. Ross, Jr., and E.J. Cairns, "LEIS and AES on Sputtered and Annealed Polycrystalline Pt-Ru Bulk Alloys" Surface Science, 293, pp. 67-80, 1993.

148.    F.R. McLarnon, P.M. Lessner, J. Winnick, and E.J. Cairns, "The Dependence of Aqueous Sulfur-polysulfide Redox Potential on Electrolyte Composition and Temperature" J. Electrochem. Soc., 140, 1847, (1993).

147.     F.R. McLarnon, T.C. Adler, and E.J. Cairns, "Low-Zinc-Solubility Electrolyte for Use in Zinc/Nickel Oxide Cells", J. Electrochem Soc, 140, 289, (1992).

146.    E.J. Cairns, K. Kinoshita, F.R. McLarnon, and J.D. Rudnicki, "Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopic Studies of Electrochemical Oxidation", Proceedings of the Workshop on Direct Methanol-Air Fuel Cells of The Electrochemical Society, , Vol. 92-14, pp. 1-9, (1992).

145.    J.-S. Chen, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns, "Investigation of Low-Zinc-Solubility Electrodes and Electrolytes in Zinc/Silver Oxide Cells", J. Power Sources, 39, 333 (1992).

144.    E.J. Cairns, "A New Mandate for Energy Conversion:  Zero Emission (Electric) Vehicles", 1992 IEEE Proceedings of the 35th International Power Sources Symposium, pp. 310-313, (1992).

143.    T.C. Adler, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns, "Zinc Electrode Development", Proceedings of the Annual Automotive Technology Development Contractors' Coordination Meeting, 1991, P-256, pp. 125-134.

142.    F.R. McLarnon, K. Kinoshita, and E.J. Cairns, "Exploratory Technology Research Program Overview", Proceedings of the Annual Automotive Technology Development Contractors' Coordination Meeting, 1991, P-256, pp. 105-111.

141.    P.M. Lessner, F.R. McLarnon, J. Winnick, and E.J. Cairns, "Aqueous Polysulfide Flow-Through Electrodes:  Effects of Electrocatalyst and Electrolyte Composition on Performance", J. Applied Electrochem. 22, 927 (1992).

140.    R. Jain, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns, "Development of Long-Lived, High-Performance Zinc-Calcium/Nickel Oxide Cells", J. Applied Electrochem. 22, 1039 (1992).

139.    J.K. Weaver, F.R. McLarnon and E.J. Cairns, "Experimental and Theoretical Study of Concentration Distributions in a Model Pore Electrode.  Part II:  Mathematical Models and Comparison to Experiment.", J. Electrochem Soc., 138, 2579 (1991)

138.    J.K. Weaver, F.R. McLarnon and E.J. Cairns, "Experimental and Theoretical Study of Concentration Distributions in a Model Pore Electrode.  Part I:  Measurement of Two-Dimensional Concentration Gradients in a Zinc Model Pore.", J. Electrochem Soc. 138, 2572 (1991).

137.    J.D. Rudnicki, F.R. McLarnon, and  E.J. Cairns, "In Situ Characterization of Electrode Processes by Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy," Techniques for Characterization of Electrodes and Electrochemical Processes, R. Varma and J.R. Selman, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1990.

136.    O. Haas, J. Rudnicki, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns, "Mechanistic Investigations of Redox Polymer-Coated Electrodes Using Probe-Beam Deflection and Cyclic Voltammetry", J. Chem Soc. Faraday Transaction, 87, (7), 939-945 (1991)

135.    F.R. McLarnon and E. Cairns, "The Secondary Alkaline Zinc Electrode", J. Electrochem Soc. 138, 645 (1991)

134.    M.J. Isaacson, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns, "Zinc Electrode Rest Potentials in Concentrated KOH-K2Zn (OH)4 Electrolytes", J. Electrochem Soc. 137, 2361 (1990)

133.    K.A. Striebel, F.R. McLarnon,  and E.J. Cairns, "Fuel Cell Cathode Studies in Aqueous K2C03 and KOH", J. Electrochem. Soc., 137, 3360 (1990)

132.    K.A. Striebel, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns, "Oxygen Reduction on Pt. in Aqueous K2C03 and KOH", J. Electrochem. Soc., 137, 3351 (1990)

131.    M.J. Isaacson, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns, "Current Density and ZnO Precipitation-Dissolution Distributions in Zn-ZnO Porous Electrodes and their Effect on Material Redistribution:  A Two-Dimensional Mathematical Model," J. Electrochem. Soc., 137, 2014 (1990).

130.    F.R. McLarnon, E.J. Cairns, and M.I. Ismail, "Introduction," in Electrochemical Reactors:  Their Science and Technology, M.I. Ismail, ed., Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam, pp. 1-8, 1989.

129.    F.R. McLarnon and E.J. Cairns, "Energy Storage," Ann. Rev. Energy 14, 241 (1989).

 128.    F.R. McLarnon and E.J. Cairns, "Estimation of Power-Energy Plots for Secondary Batteries," in Proceedings of the 33rd International Power Sources Symposium, The Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, p. 410 (1988).

 127.    P. Lessner, J. Winnick, and E.J. Cairns, comment on "Kinetics of Aqueous Polysulfide Solutions", Parts I and II.  Further response to Licht's Comments in the J. Electrochem. Soc., 135, 3176(1988).

126.     J. Winnick, P.M. Lessner, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns, "Solution Processess in Photoelectrochemical Cells," Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, (20), 1985 (1988).

125.     P. Lessner, F.R. McLarnon, J. Winnick, and E.J. Cairns, "The Aqueous Sulfide/Polysulfide Redox Potential," in Proc. of the Symposium on Modeling and Simulation of Electrolytic Solution Processes, D-T. Chin and P.N. Pintauro, eds., The Electrochemical Society, Inc., Pennington, NJ, 1988, pp. 91-98.

124.     K. Kinoshita, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns, Fuel Cells:  A Handbook, Morgantown Energy Technology Center, Morgantown, WV, DOE/METC-88/6096, May 1988; LBL PUB-644, September 1988.

123.     J.C. Dobson, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns, "The Corrosion of Some Metals in Sulfur-Polysulfide Melts," Corrosion Science, 28, 953 (1988).

122.     M.H. Katz, T.C. Adler, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns, "The Effect of Pulse Charging on the Cycle-Life Performance of Zn/Ni Oxide Cells," J. Power Sources,  22, 77 (1988).

121.     R.E. Russo, F.R. McLarnon, J.D. Spear, and E.J. Cairns, "Probe Beam Deflection for In Situ Measurements of Concentration and Spectroscopic Behavior during Copper Oxidation and Reduction," J. Electrochem. Soc., 134, 2783 (1987).

120.     P. Lessner, F.R. McLarnon, J. Winnick, and E.J. Cairns, "Kinetics of Aqueous Polysulfide Solutions: III. Investigation of Homogeneous and Electrode Kinetics by the Rotating Disk Method," J. Electrochem. Soc., 134,  2669 (1987).

119.     T.C. Adler, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns, "Improvements to the Cycle-Life Performance of the Zn/KOH/NiOOH Cell," Proc. 22nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conf., AIAA, New York, NY 1987, pp. 1097-1101.

118.     P.N. Ross, E.J. Cairns, K. Striebel, F.R. McLarnon, and P.C.  Andricacos, "The Reaction Order for Oxygen Reduction in TFMSA On Pt," Electrochimica Acta, 32, 355 (1987).

117.     R.C. Alkire, A.J. Bard, E.J. Cairns, D.D. Cubicciotti, L.R. Faulkner, A. Heller, N. Jarrett, R. Latanision, D. D. Macdonald, W.H. Smyrl, C.W. Tobias, and E.B. Yeager, "New Horizons in Electrochemical Science and Technology," Report of the Committee on Electrochemical Aspects of Energy Conservation and Production, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council, National Materials Advisory Board Report NMAB 438-1, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1986.

116.     M.L. Smith, J. Winnick, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns,  "Stability of a Vitreous Electrolyte for Possible Use in High-Temperature Lithium/Sulfur Cells," Proc. of The International Workshop on High-Temperature Molten Salt Batteries, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL ANL-86-40, April, 1986, pp. B153-B161.

115.     P. Lessner, J. Winnick, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns, "Kinetics of Aqueous Polysulfide Solutions: II. Electrochemical Measurement of the Rates of Coupled Electrochemical and Chemical Reactions by the Potential Step Method." J. Electrochem. Soc., 133, 2517 (1986).

114.     P. Lessner, J. Winnick, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns, "Kinetics of Aqueous Polysulfide Solutions: I. Theory of Coupled Electrochemical and Chemical Reactions, Response to a Potential Step," J. Electrochem. Soc., 133, 2510 (1986).

113.     J.C. Dobson, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns, "Voltammetry of Sodium Polysulfides at Metal Electrodes," J. Electrochem. Soc., 133, 2069 (1986).

112.     J.C. Dobson, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns, "Voltammetry of Lithium Polysulfides at Metal Electrodes," J. Electrochem. Soc., 133, 1549 (1986).

111.     J.C. Dobson, E.J. Cairns, and F.R. McLarnon, "Voltammetry of Sodium Polysulfides at Metal Electrodes," Proc. of the Fifth International Symposium on Molten Salts, 86-1, M-L. Saboungi, D.S. Newman, K. Johnson, and D. Inman, eds., The Electrochemical Society, Inc., Pennington, New Jersey, 1986, pp. 167-188.

110.     F.R. McLarnon and E.J. Cairns,  "Status of DOE-Sponsored Research on Advanced Secondary Batteries," New Materials & New Processes, 3, 394 (1985).

109.     K.A. Striebel, P.C. Andricacos, E.J. Cairns, P.N. Ross, and  F.R. McLarnon,  "Oxygen Reduction in Tetrafluoroethane-1,2-Disulfonic Acid," J. Electrochem. Soc., 132, 2381 (1985).

108.     J.T. Nichols, F.R. McLarnon, and E.J. Cairns, "Zinc Electrode Cycle-Life Performance in Alkaline Electrolytes Having Reduced Zinc Species Solubility," Chem. Eng. Commun., 37, 355 (1985).

107.     E.J. Cairns and R.R. Witherspoon, "Fuel Cells, Primary Batteries  and Electric Cells," Kirk-Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, A Wiley-Interscience Publication, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1985, pp. 151-152.

106.     E.J. Cairns, "Electrochemical Energy Storage," The  Encyclopedia of Physics, 3rd edition, R.M. Besanc, on, ed., Van  Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, NY, 1985, pp. 396-400.

105.     E.J. Cairns, "High-Temperature Lithium Batteries,"  Lithium Battery Technology, H.V. Venkatasetty, ed., John Wiley &  Sons, Inc., New York, NY, 1984, pp. 179-204. 

104.     E.J. Cairns, G. Mamantov, R.P. Tischer, and D.R. Vissers, "The Chemistry and Status of Rechargeable Molten-Salt Batteries,"  Proc. of the Fourth International Symposium on Molten Salts,  84-2, M. Blander, D.S. Newman, G. Mamantov, M-L. Saboungi, and  K. Johnson, eds., The Electrochemical Society, Inc., Pennington, NJ,  1984, pp. 284-312.

103.     E.J. Cairns, "Electrochemical Storage of Energy," Lagring av elektrisk energi (Proc. of the Symposium on Storage  of Electrical Energy), IVA Report 261, The Royal Swedish Academy of  Engineering Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden, 1984, pp. 85-137.

102.     M.H. Katz, J.T. Nichols, F.R. McLarnon, E.J. Cairns, and J.E.  Katz,  "Computer-Controlled Multiple-Channel System for Electrochemical Experiments," J. Power Sources, 10, 149-165 (1983).

101.     E.J. Cairns, "High Specific Energy Secondary Batteries and Their Applications," Proc. of Electro/83, 21/4, Electronic Conventions, Inc., El Segundo, CA, 1983, pp. 1-14.

100.     D.L. Douglas, E.J. Cairns, R.A. Huggins, R.F. McAlevy, L.J. Money, H.G. Pfeiffer, and R. Smelt, "A Comparison of Alternative Energy Storage Systems for Automobiles," A Report by the Committee on Advanced Energy Storage Systems, National Research Council, Energy Engineering Board, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1982.

 99.      C.W. Tobias, E.J. Cairns, A. Heller, R.A. Huggins, and E.B. Yeager,  "Assessment of Research Needs for Advanced Battery Systems,” Report of The Committee on Battery Materials Technology, National Research Council, National Materials Advisory Board Report NMAB-390, 1982.

 98.      E.J. Cairns, "Perspective of Thermally Regenerative Electrochemical Systems," Proc. of the Thermally Regenerative Electrochemical Systems Workshop, H.L. Chum, ed., Solar Energy Research Institute, SERI Report CP-234-1577, 1982.

 97.      E.J. Cairns, "Future Trends in Advanced Batteries for Automobile Propulsion," Electrochemistry In Industry:  New Directions, U. Landau, E. Yeager, and D. Kortan, eds., Plenum Publishing Corp., New York, NY, 1982, pp. 377-380.

 96.      E.J. Cairns, "Batteries of the Future for Vehicle Applications," Electrochemistry In Industry:  New Directions, U. Landau, E. Yeager, and D. Kortan, eds., Plenum Publishing Corp., New York, NY, 1982, pp. 131-152.

 95.      E.J. Cairns, "Batteries," Molten Salt Technology,  D.G. Lovering, ed., Plenum Publishing Corp., New York, NY, 1982, pp. 287-321.

 94.      E.J. Cairns, "Electrochemical Energy Storage," Energy and Chemistry, R. Thompson, ed., The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, England, 1981, pp. 254-278.

 93.      E.J. Cairns, "Rechargeable Molten-Salt Cells," Proc. of the Third International Symposium on Molten Salts, G. Mamantov, M. Blander, and G.P. Smith, eds., The Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, 1981, pp. 138-157A.